Vacuum Conveying System，Conveying 

### Definition A Vacuum Conveying System is a device that uses vacuum technology to transport bulk materials, such as powders, granules, and flakes. It creates a pressure difference between the suction point and the discharge point by generating a vacuum in a closed pipeline, allowing materials to be sucked into the pipeline and then transported to the desired location. ### Components 1. **Vacuum Source** - This is the core part for generating the vacuum. Common vacuum sources include vacuum pumps (such as rotary vane vacuum pumps, roots vacuum pumps) and vacuum generators. The vacuum pump continuously extracts air from the system to create a low - pressure environment, while the vacuum generator uses compressed air to generate a vacuum through the Venturi effect. 2. **Conveying Pipeline** - Usually made of materials like stainless steel, PVC, etc. The pipeline is the passage for material transportation. Its diameter and length are designed according to the conveying capacity, material characteristics, and the layout of the production site. 3. **Suction Device** - Such as suction nozzles or hoppers. The suction nozzle is used to suck materials from the storage bin or other containers. Its design affects the suction efficiency and the ability to handle different materials. 4. **Separation Device** - Examples are cyclone separators and filters. The cyclone separator uses centrifugal force to separate materials from the air - material mixture. The filter further traps fine particles in the air, ensuring that the exhausted air is clean. 5. **Control System** - It can realize automated operation. Through sensors and controllers, it monitors and adjusts parameters such as vacuum degree, conveying time, and material level to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system. ### Working Principle 1. **Vacuum Generation**: The vacuum source starts to work, reducing the pressure inside the conveying pipeline to below atmospheric pressure. 2. **Material Intake**: Due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the pipeline, materials are sucked into the pipeline from the suction device. 3. **Material Conveyance**: The materials are transported along the pipeline under the action of the vacuum until they reach the separation device. 4. **Material - Air Separation**: In the separation device, materials are separated from the air. The materials are collected in the receiving bin, and the air is filtered and then discharged. ### Advantages 1. **Environmental - friendly**: The entire conveying process takes place in a closed pipeline, which effectively prevents dust from flying, reduces environmental pollution, and improves the working environment. 2. **High Efficiency**: It can achieve continuous or intermittent conveying. The conveying speed is relatively fast, and it can meet the needs of large - scale production, improving production efficiency. 3. **Flexible Layout**: The conveying pipeline can be flexibly arranged according to the actual situation of the production site, adapting to complex production environments. 4. **Material Protection**: It causes little wear to materials during the conveying process, maintaining the original characteristics of the materials. It is especially suitable for fragile and easily - oxidized materials. 5. **High Degree of Automation**: It can be linked with other production equipment. The control system can accurately control conveying parameters, reducing labor intensity. ### Disadvantages 1. **High Equipment Cost**: The initial investment in purchasing vacuum conveying systems, including vacuum pumps, filters, and separators, is relatively high. Installation and commissioning also require professional technicians, and subsequent maintenance costs are also considerable. 2. **Limited Conveying Capacity**: It has certain requirements for the physical properties of materials, such as particle size, density, and fluidity. For materials with high viscosity, high humidity, or uneven particle size, the conveying effect may be poor, and pipeline blockage may occur. Also, as the conveying distance and height increase, the vacuum degree decreases, and the conveying capacity weakens. 3. **Relatively High Energy Consumption**: The vacuum pump, as the core equipment, consumes a large amount of electricity during operation, especially for long - term continuous operation, resulting in high energy costs. ### Applications 1. **Chemical Industry**: Used for transporting various chemical raw materials, such as plastic pellets, powder chemicals. 2. **Food Industry**: For conveying food raw materials, additives, and finished products, such as flour, milk powder, and sugar powder, ensuring food hygiene and safety. 3. **Pharmaceutical Industry**: Conveys drug powders, granules, etc., meeting the high - cleanliness requirements of pharmaceutical production. 4. **Electronics Industry**: Transports small electronic components and chips, preventing materials from being contaminated and damaged.